What Causes a Washer Not to Drain Properly

Clogged Drain Hose or Pump

A clogged drain hose or pump is one of the most common reasons why a washer might not drain properly. When water cannot flow freely through the drainage system, it accumulates inside the machine, leading to inefficient operation and potential damage over time. The drain hose and pump are critical components of your washing machine, responsible for removing wastewater after each cycle. If either becomes obstructed, the entire system suffers.

The first step in addressing this issue is identifying whether the problem lies with the hose or the pump. Begin by inspecting the drain hose for any visible signs of blockage. This hose typically extends from the back of the washer to a nearby drain or standpipe. Over time, lint, fabric softener residue, and other debris can accumulate within the hose, reducing its diameter and restricting water flow. In some cases, the clog may be so severe that no water can pass through at all.

To clear a clogged drain hose, start by disconnecting the hose from both the washer and the drain. Be prepared for water to spill out during this process, so have towels or a bucket handy. Once disconnected, use a plumber's snake or flexible wire to probe the interior of the hose and dislodge any obstructions. For tougher clogs, you may need to flush the hose with warm water or soak it in a mixture of vinegar and baking soda to break down stubborn residues. After cleaning, reattach the hose securely and test the washer to ensure proper drainage.

Accumulated Lint or Debris

Another significant contributor to a clogged drain hose or pump is accumulated lint or debris. Washing machines naturally generate lint as clothes shed fibers during the wash cycle. While most modern machines come equipped with a lint filter designed to catch these particles before they enter the drainage system, filters can become overwhelmed if not cleaned regularly. As a result, lint and debris can bypass the filter and settle in the drain hose or pump, causing blockages.

To prevent this issue, make it a habit to clean the lint filter after every few wash cycles. Depending on the model of your washer, the filter may be located near the front or bottom of the machine. Consult your user manual for precise instructions on accessing and maintaining the filter. Additionally, consider using mesh laundry bags for delicate items like socks or lingerie, which tend to shed more lint than other fabrics. These bags help contain loose fibers and reduce the amount of debris entering the drainage system.

Even with regular maintenance, some lint may still find its way into the pump. To address this, you'll need to access the pump itself, usually located behind an access panel on the front or side of the washer. Carefully remove the panel, following safety precautions such as unplugging the machine beforehand. Use a screwdriver to detach the pump housing and visually inspect the area for lint buildup. Remove any debris manually or with compressed air, ensuring all parts are thoroughly cleaned before reassembling.

Foreign Object Blockage

In addition to lint and debris, a foreign object blockage can also cause a washer to fail to drain properly. Items like coins, buttons, hairpins, or even small toys can inadvertently fall into the drum during a wash cycle and get swept into the drainage system. These objects can lodge themselves in the drain hose or pump, creating a physical barrier that prevents water from flowing out.

Preventing foreign object blockages requires vigilance when loading the washer. Always check pockets and linings for loose items before placing clothes inside the machine. For added protection, consider installing a strainer at the end of the drain hose. A strainer acts as a secondary filter, catching larger objects before they enter the drainage system. These devices are inexpensive and easy to install, providing an extra layer of security against blockages.

If you suspect a foreign object is causing the issue, begin by inspecting the drain hose for visible obstructions. If none are found, proceed to the pump, where objects are more likely to become trapped. Accessing the pump involves removing the appropriate panel and carefully detaching the pump housing. Inspect the pump impeller and surrounding areas for any foreign objects, removing them with tweezers or pliers if necessary. Once cleared, reassemble the components and test the washer to confirm successful resolution.

Malfunctioning Drain Pump

A malfunctioning drain pump poses another significant challenge when it comes to proper drainage. Unlike blockages caused by lint or debris, a faulty pump indicates a mechanical failure that requires specialized attention. The drain pump is responsible for actively pushing water out of the washer and into the drainage system. If the pump stops working or operates inefficiently, water will remain trapped in the tub, halting the wash cycle.

Determining whether the pump is malfunctioning involves several diagnostic steps. First, listen for the sound of the pump engaging during a wash cycle. A functioning pump should produce a noticeable humming noise as it works to remove water. If you don't hear this sound, the pump may be defective. Another sign of trouble is prolonged draining times or complete failure to drain, even after clearing potential blockages in the hose.

Broken or Failed Pump

If you suspect a broken or failed pump, further investigation is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Begin by unplugging the washer and accessing the pump via the designated panel. Carefully disconnect the electrical wiring and test the pump's motor using a multimeter. Set the multimeter to measure continuity and touch the probes to the motor terminals. If the reading indicates an open circuit, the pump is likely beyond repair and needs replacement.

Replacing a faulty pump is a relatively straightforward process but requires careful attention to detail. Purchase a compatible replacement pump from a trusted retailer, ensuring it matches your washer's make and model. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for installation, paying close attention to alignment and secure connections. Reassemble the machine and test the new pump to verify proper functionality. Keep in mind that replacing a pump may void your warranty, so consult your warranty terms before proceeding.

Kinked Drain Hose

In addition to pump-related issues, a kinked drain hose can also hinder the draining process. A kink occurs when the hose bends excessively, creating a sharp curve that restricts water flow. This problem often arises due to improper positioning or external pressure applied to the hose. Even minor kinks can significantly reduce drainage efficiency, leading to standing water in the tub.

To resolve a kinked drain hose, start by examining the hose for any visible bends or twists. Gently straighten the hose, ensuring it runs smoothly from the washer to the drain without unnecessary curves. If the hose is too short or inflexible, consider replacing it with a longer, more flexible alternative. When installing a new hose, leave enough slack to accommodate movement during operation while avoiding excessive length that could lead to tangling.

Proper positioning of the drain hose is equally important. Most manufacturers recommend keeping the hose elevated between 30 and 96 inches above the floor to promote optimal water flow. Secure the hose to the wall or standpipe using clamps or ties to maintain this height and prevent sagging. Regularly inspect the hose for signs of wear or damage, replacing it promptly if any issues arise.

Improperly Positioned Hose

An improperly positioned hose can also contribute to drainage problems. Beyond kinks, incorrect placement can disrupt water flow and cause backups within the system. For example, positioning the hose too low relative to the washer may allow water to siphon back into the machine, while placing it too high can impede gravity-assisted drainage. Both scenarios lead to inefficient operation and potential water damage.

To ensure proper positioning, follow the guidelines provided in your washer's user manual. Generally, the drain hose should extend vertically upward from the back of the machine, forming a gentle curve before connecting to the drain or standpipe. Avoid angles sharper than 45 degrees, as these can create unnecessary resistance. If your hose must travel horizontally across the room, use supports to keep it elevated and prevent drooping.

When connecting the hose to the drain, ensure a secure fit to prevent leaks. Use a hose clamp or similar device to tighten the connection without overtightening, which could damage the hose. Periodically check the connection for signs of wear or corrosion, replacing worn components as needed. By maintaining proper hose positioning, you minimize the risk of drainage issues and prolong the lifespan of your washer.

Faulty Water Level Sensor

A faulty water level sensor represents another potential cause of improper drainage. This component monitors the amount of water in the tub and signals the control board when it's time to begin draining. If the sensor malfunctions, it may incorrectly indicate that the tub contains less water than it actually does, preventing the drain cycle from initiating. Alternatively, the sensor could fail entirely, leaving the washer unable to detect water levels at all.

Identifying a faulty water level sensor requires specific diagnostic tools and knowledge. Begin by unplugging the washer and accessing the sensor, typically located near the top of the machine. Disconnect the sensor's tubing and blow into it gently to ensure unobstructed airflow. If air doesn't pass through freely, the tube may be clogged with moisture or debris, requiring cleaning or replacement. Next, test the sensor's functionality using a multimeter set to measure resistance. Compare the readings to those specified in your washer's service manual. Significant deviations suggest a faulty sensor in need of replacement.

Pressure Switch Issues

Closely related to the water level sensor are pressure switch issues, which can similarly affect drainage performance. The pressure switch works in tandem with the sensor to regulate water levels and initiate draining. Like the sensor, a faulty pressure switch may send incorrect signals to the control board, disrupting normal operation.

Testing the pressure switch follows a similar process to testing the water level sensor. Access the switch and disconnect its wiring harness, then use a multimeter to measure continuity. If the switch fails the test, replacement is necessary. Replacement switches are readily available from appliance parts suppliers and can be installed following the manufacturer's instructions. Always double-check your work after completing repairs to ensure all connections are secure and functioning correctly.

Detailed Checklist for Troubleshooting Washer Drainage Issues

To effectively address drainage problems in your washer, follow this comprehensive checklist:

1. Inspect the Drain Hose for Clogs

   • Disconnect the hose from both the washer and the drain.
   • Use a plumber's snake or flexible wire to probe and remove obstructions.
   • Flush the hose with warm water or a vinegar/baking soda solution to dissolve residues.

2. Clean the Lint Filter Regularly

   • Locate the lint filter and remove accumulated debris after every few wash cycles.
   • Consider using mesh laundry bags to reduce lint generation.

3. Check for Foreign Objects

   • Examine the drain hose and pump for coins, buttons, or other misplaced items.
   • Install a strainer at the hose's end to catch larger objects.

4. Test the Drain Pump

   • Listen for the pump's humming sound during operation.
   • Use a multimeter to check for continuity and replace the pump if defective.

5. Straighten and Secure the Drain Hose

   • Eliminate kinks by gently straightening the hose.
   • Position the hose between 30 and 96 inches above the floor and secure it with clamps.

6. Verify Proper Hose Placement

   • Ensure the hose forms a smooth curve without sharp angles.
   • Connect the hose securely to the drain or standpipe using appropriate fittings.

7. Diagnose the Water Level Sensor

   • Blow into the sensor's tubing to check for obstructions.
   • Test the sensor's resistance with a multimeter and compare results to specifications.

8. Assess the Pressure Switch

   • Disconnect the switch and measure continuity with a multimeter.
   • Replace the switch if it fails the test or shows signs of wear.

By diligently following this checklist, you can identify and resolve most drainage issues affecting your washer. Remember to prioritize safety throughout the process, unplugging the machine before performing any repairs. With consistent maintenance and prompt action, you can keep your washer running smoothly and efficiently for years to come.